Premature ovarian failure

What is premature ovarian failure?

Premature ovarian failure (POF), also known as primary ovarian insufficiency, is a condition characterized by loss of normal functioning of the ovaries before age 40. The ovaries stop producing normal levels of the hormone estrogen, which causes symptoms like irregular periods, infertility, and menopausal symptoms like hot flashes.

Some key facts about POF:

• It affects roughly 1% of women under age 40.


• The cause is often unknown, but can include chromosomal abnormalities, autoimmune diseases, and genetics.


• Women with POF typically have irregular or missed periods and reduced fertility.


• There is no cure, but hormone therapy can help manage symptoms.

Some of the signs and symptoms of POF include:

• Irregular periods or missed periods (amenorrhea)


• Reduced fertility or inability to conceive


• Vaginal dryness


• Night sweats and hot flashes


• Mood changes


• Difficulty sleeping

If you experience these symptoms before age 40, see your doctor to be evaluated for possible POF. Blood tests for hormone levels like FSH can help confirm the diagnosis.

While dealing with POF can be emotionally difficult, support groups and mental health counseling can help. Building a good support system is key. Though having biological children may be difficult, family building options do exist like egg donation, embryo adoption, or adoption.

The outlook for women with POF varies greatly. In some cases periods and fertility may come and go unpredictably. For others, the loss of ovarian function is permanent. Staying optimistic and focusing on what you can control is important. Work with your doctor to find the best treatment options for your symptoms and situation.